Every entry is sourced; cases without authoritative sources are omitted.
1986 Gulf of Sidra — the Harpoon’s combat debut
On 24 March 1986, during freedom-of-navigation operations in the Gulf of Sidra, US Navy A-6E aircraft struck the Libyan missile boat Waheed with an AGM-84 Harpoon; the boat later sank — the Harpoon’s first combat use.
1988 Operation Praying Mantis — sinking an Iranian frigate
During Operation Praying Mantis on 18 April 1988, the Iranian frigate Sahand was hit by multiple weapons including three Harpoon missiles and sank after its magazines detonated — one of the US Navy’s largest surface actions since WWII. (In the same action the boat Joshan was sunk mainly by Standard SM-1 missiles, not Harpoon.)
Reviews by multiple defense outlets record only two authoritatively sourced US combat uses of the Harpoon (1986 and 1988); cases lacking authoritative sources are not listed here.
For the same system, who the US sells to and how much. Taiwan is highlighted; alliance ties are shown as text tags, not by color.
- The Harpoon is one of the few in-service US anti-ship missiles with a real combat record; the 1986 and 1988 actions proved it can sink warships.
- Since 2020 Taiwan has bought 100 coastal systems with 400 land-launched missiles, plus 60 air-launched rounds — over US$2.7B combined.
- Integrated with the indigenous Hsiung Feng II/III, these mobile coastal missiles are a core element for intercepting PLA ships in an anti-invasion fight.
- Fielding and unit reorganization are still under way (full delivery planned by 2028) — a system whose battlefield record is proven while its Taiwan deployment is still in progress.
- USNI news.usni.org/2020/10/26/state-department-authorizes-2-37b-harpoon-missile-sale-to-taiwan
- DSCA media.defense.gov/2024/Dec/18/2003615445/-1/-1/0/PRESS%20RELEASE%20-%20TECRO%2022-45%20CN.PDF
- theaviationist theaviationist.com/2024/10/02/taiwan-receives-harpoon-block-ii/
- Focus Taiwan focustaiwan.tw/politics/202510200015
- theaviationist theaviationist.com/2024/09/21/a-6-agm-84/
- navyhistory navyhistory.au/operation-praying-mantis/
- DSCA·Archive web.archive.org/web/20201028233154/https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/taipei-economic-and-cultural-representative-office-united-states-17
- DSCA www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/india-ugm-84l-harpoon-missiles
- DSCA www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/egypt-ugm-84l-harpoon-block-ii-encapsulated-missiles
- DSCA www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/republic-korea-ugm-84l-harpoon-block-ii-missiles
- DSCA www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/philippines-agm-84l-1-harpoon-air-launched-block-ii-missiles